wsgiref

0.1.2 verified Fri May 01 auth: no python deprecated

wsgiref is the WSGI (PEP 333) reference implementation, included in the Python standard library. It provides utilities for developing and testing WSGI applications, including a simple HTTP server and request/response objects. Version 0.1.2 on PyPI is outdated; the standard library version is bundled with Python 3.x. Use the standard library module instead of the PyPI package to avoid conflicts.

pip install wsgiref

Common errors

error ImportError: No module named wsgiref ↓

cause Using an outdated Python version (prior to 2.5) where wsgiref was not in the standard library.

fix

Upgrade Python to 2.5 or later, or use the PyPI package (not recommended).

error AttributeError: module 'wsgiref' has no attribute 'simple_server' ↓

cause Trying to import wsgiref.simple_server when the PyPI package is installed and shadows the standard library, which may have different structure.

fix

Uninstall the PyPI package: pip uninstall wsgiref. Then use the standard library module.

Warnings

deprecated The PyPI package 'wsgiref' is outdated and should not be used. Instead, import from the Python standard library's wsgiref module, which is bundled with Python 3.x. ↓

fix Remove wsgiref from requirements.txt. Use: from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server

gotcha wsgiref is for development and testing only; not suitable for production. Traps SIGINT, so pressing Ctrl+C may not stop the server gracefully on some platforms. ↓

fix For production, use a production-grade server like Gunicorn or uWSGI.

Imports

simple_server
wrong
```
from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server
```
correct
```
from wsgiref import simple_server
```
Incorrect: make_server is a function, not a module. Correct import: from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server
util
wrong
```
import wsgiref.util
```
correct
```
from wsgiref import util
```
Same, but acceptable: import wsgiref.util is also valid.

Quickstart

Basic WSGI application using wsgiref's simple server.

from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server

def hello_app(environ, start_response):
    status = '200 OK'
    headers = [('Content-type', 'text/plain')]
    start_response(status, headers)
    return [b'Hello World']

with make_server('', 8000, hello_app) as httpd:
    print('Serving on port 8000...')
    httpd.serve_forever()