{"id":1788,"library":"wirerope","title":"WireRope Library","description":"Wirerope is a Python library that transforms functions and methods into fully controllable objects, enabling features like reentrant locks, timeouts, retries, and rate limits. Its current stable version is 1.0.0. After a period of rapid pre-1.0 development, the library has maintained a stable release cadence since its 1.0.0 release in December 2023.","status":"active","version":"1.0.0","language":"en","source_language":"en","source_url":"https://github.com/youknowone/wirerope","tags":["function wrapper","concurrency","rate limiting","timeout","retries","locks"],"install":[{"cmd":"pip install wirerope","lang":"bash","label":"Install stable version"}],"dependencies":[{"reason":"Used for expression evaluation within internal logic, particularly for dynamic configurations.","package":"py_expression_eval"}],"imports":[{"symbol":"WireRope","correct":"from wirerope import WireRope"}],"quickstart":{"code":"import time\nfrom wirerope import WireRope\n\ndef my_function(x, y):\n    print(f\"Executing my_function with {x}, {y}\")\n    return x + y\n\n# Wrap a regular function\nrope_func = WireRope(my_function)\nresult_func = rope_func.call(10, 20)\nprint(f\"Result from wrapped function: {result_func}\")\n\n# Example with timeout control\ndef long_task():\n    print(\"Long task started...\")\n    time.sleep(2) # Simulate work\n    print(\"Long task finished.\")\n    return \"Task Complete\"\n\n# Set a timeout shorter than the task duration\nrope_timeout = WireRope(long_task, timeout=1)\ntry:\n    timeout_result = rope_timeout.call()\n    print(f\"Timeout Result: {timeout_result}\")\nexcept TimeoutError:\n    print(\"Task timed out as expected after 1 second.\")\n\n# Example with retries\ndef flaky_task(attempt):\n    if attempt < 2:\n        raise ValueError(\"Simulating a temporary failure\")\n    return \"Success after retries\"\n\n# WireRope automatically passes an 'attempt' argument to the wrapped function\n# when 'retries' is enabled. The first call is attempt=0.\nrope_retries = WireRope(flaky_task, retries=3)\ntry:\n    # The 'attempt' argument will be automatically injected by WireRope\n    # Note: flaky_task would typically infer the attempt count internally or not use it directly\n    # For this example, we demonstrate it expecting an 'attempt' parameter\n    # In real world, your function might just fail and WireRope retries it\n    result_retries = rope_retries.call(attempt=0)\n    print(f\"Result from retried task: {result_retries}\")\nexcept Exception as e:\n    print(f\"Failed after retries: {e}\")","lang":"python","description":"This quickstart demonstrates how to wrap a basic Python function with `WireRope` to gain control over its execution. It then shows more advanced usage with timeout functionality, where `WireRope` raises a `TimeoutError` if the wrapped function exceeds a specified duration, and how to configure automatic retries for flaky operations."},"warnings":[{"fix":"Be aware of the wrapped function's behavior during a timeout. If true cancellation is required, the wrapped function itself must be designed to be cancelable (e.g., by checking a flag, using `asyncio.CancelledError`, or implementing specific resource cleanup).","message":"When using `timeout`, the underlying function or operation might continue running in the background even after `TimeoutError` is raised. `WireRope` interrupts the call from the caller's perspective, but does not inherently cancel or terminate the wrapped function's execution, especially for I/O-bound or native code. This can lead to resource leaks or unexpected side effects.","severity":"gotcha","affected_versions":"All versions"},{"fix":"Design the wrapped function to be idempotent (producing the same result and side effects regardless of how many times it's executed) or to explicitly handle retry attempts (e.g., by checking for existing data before performing an action).","message":"Employing the `retries` feature without ensuring the wrapped function is idempotent or handles multiple executions gracefully can lead to unintended side effects. Each retry re-executes the function, potentially causing duplicate actions if the function isn't designed for it.","severity":"gotcha","affected_versions":"All versions"},{"fix":"For class methods, ensure `WireRope` is instantiated correctly within the class context or passed the `self` instance. For complex state management, consider passing necessary state explicitly as arguments to the wrapped function or using `wirerope.context` primitives if your use case aligns with its design for context propagation.","message":"When wrapping class methods or functions that rely on specific contextual state, `WireRope` creates a new execution context. If the wrapped callable needs to access or modify external state (e.g., `self` attributes in a method), ensure `WireRope` is initialized with the correct `self` reference or that state is passed explicitly. Direct modification of `self` might not be reflected as expected without careful handling.","severity":"gotcha","affected_versions":"All versions"}],"env_vars":null,"last_verified":"2026-04-09T00:00:00.000Z","next_check":"2026-07-08T00:00:00.000Z"}